I am an Evangelical in the 21st century living in the United States of America. In the present context, my association with this group portrays both a commitment to the innerancy of scripture, its authority and sufficiency, and a commitment to a very personal evangelization, including a most honest and vigorous cultural involvement.As far as my personal theology, I believe in summary of our ancient greats in the pillar creeds. I believe in the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit, the Church, the forgiveness of sins and the resurrection from the dead and the life everlasting. My leanings are soteriologically reformed; ecclesiastically congregational; biblically Evangelical; pneumatilogically neither charismatic nor cessationist; and eschatologically premillienial.
I am firmly committed to biblical orthodoxy and here is where my wrestling begins. Orthodoxy tends to be dogmatic, lacking practical application. The Christianity of Christ, of the Bible and of the early church, however, is no less pragmatic than dogmatic. I cannot directly live the creedal statement, "I believe in one God, the Father almighty."
Yet, if I do not live this belief than my orthodoxy (right belief) would serve me no better than would heterodoxy (different belief than orthodoxy); truth, no more beneficial than fiction. Going one step further, this right information is intended to bring me into a living relationship with this God who has made Himself known as the Father almighty. On the other hand, I personally have had the privilege of being mentored by men who had very lively relationships with God. There was something more than orthodoxy about them. There was what the mystics have called a "knowing," an experiential relationship where they personally communed with their God. Some of these described their encounters with God as simply as a personal, subjective confirmation of the love of God while others spoke of a supra-rational communication from the divine. Now, it is contrary to both the Bible and my tradition to allow a content of revelation beyond either the Bible or special, verbal, prophetic revelation. This kind of mysticism without the Bible is little more than paganism and mysticism beyond the Bible is rootless relativism. So I see mysticism alone as having no content and orthodox information alone as having no life. I want to know how I can live my orthodox faith with a mystic type relationship.
I find that I live within a four point continuum spanning from orthodoxy on one end to mysticism on the other. Walking toward the center from orthodoxy (right belief) I come across orthopraxy (right practice) and inward from mysticism (experience of the divine) I arrive at paradox (seeming contradiction). Please allow me to explain my understanding of these ideas and why I hold to a fifth, using prayer as the overarching example.
Christian orthodoxy is simply holding to an established set of doctrine.
Prayer is not orthodox, per se, in that it is not a doctrine. However, the practice of prayer is undoubtedly orthodox. First, the practice of prayer for me as a Christian is described and bounded by the scripture. I must prayer according to God's will, with an obedient life and in Jesus' name. Second, if my prayer is not orthodox, ie from a sinner to the one true God, in the name of God's redeeming Son via the intercessory power of the Holy Spirit then it is only meditation. So orthodoxy is beautiful and absolutely essential. Yet, on its own, it is most certainly dead. I need to step beyond it every time that I pray to my Father in heaven.
Orthopraxy has been defined as simply as the right practice of right belief. It is the action part of orthodoxy. In this sense, the former assumes the latter. Think of James' letter, "Do not merely listen to the word… do what it says."
Prayer is definitively orthoprax. Yet it is much, much more than that. A Christian obediently churches, a minister obediently preaches, a parent obediently disciplines, a spouse obediently fulfills their marital obligation, but prayer always acts in faith. In order to pray, I must believe that God exists and that He answers prayer. These things are true in my heart the moment that I kneel and cry out, "Father…" At times, I am uncertain of who He is or who I am, but that is when I have to trust that He is there and He hears me. Orthopraxy alone risks the danger of legalism, lowering my Christianity to nothing more than a list of rules to practice. Even if those rules are orthodox, it is still ugly.
By paradox I mean something that seems contrary to common sense but is most likely true. In theological discussion we use it to speak of the truths of God which are irreconcilable in the human mind. The typical example is the relationship between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Somehow, God is uniquely governing all events in the universe and at the same time I am responsible for my individual choices and actions. We know from scripture that these both are true, how they come together remains a paradox. I know some things propositionally, via God's revelation in the Bible while some things I hold paradoxically, in a both/and sort of way. Where the proposition and paradox end, there I embrace the mystery of God.
Prayer is paradoxical. I am commanded to do it. I see promises in the Bible about answers to prayer and illustrations of dynamically answered prayers. Yet, I am left to ask:
- How can a finite creature commune with the infinite?
- Why would a holy God choose to hear a sinful person like me?
- How does prayer influence all knowing, all wise, all sovereign God?
Every time I pray, I enter into this mystery. Paradox is a part of following Jesus. It lines the pathway of my theological journey. I find it on my left and on my right, standing like a grove of wild flower. Paradox is delightful in this context, yet alone it becomes a shallow cover up for ignorance.
I speak of mysticism as the practice of obtaining direct experience of God and often attaining personal knowledge of Him through that experience.
Prayer is mystic in that it goes beyond orthodoxy and obedience as I've already said. Prayer is encounter. It directly addresses God. It is two way in the classic sense that God speaks to me through the Spirit inspired Bible and I respond in prayer. The practice of mysticism has so much life to it, I like that. However, mysticism that has not originated within the scripture pushes very easily into heresy lacking any legitimate boundary.
I practice, alternatively, what I call a paradoxical orthodoxy. My idea of paradoxical orthodoxy has characteristics of all of the above.
- Paradoxical orthodoxy is orthodox in that I must be fully informed of the given revelation. I begin here with the understanding that these words are not merely to inform my head, but are intended to divide the spirit and soul.
- Paradoxical orthodoxy is orthprax as I seek daily to obey all of God's revealed will. Beyond that is up to Him to make known, but I can be confident keeping the commandments from a heart of faith.
- Paradoxical orthodoxy is paradox as I worship where I find mystery. I follow the example of the Apostle Paul, who, after waxing eloquent on the mysterious workings of God with the nation of Israel and the heart of every individual, breaks out into praise that God is greater than he is.Romans 11:33-36Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!
- Paradoxical orthodoxy is mystic as I practice the spiritual disciplines experientially. I practice the disciplines not to please God, who is supremely satisfied with me because I stand covered in the shed blood of His Son, but to build up my own faith in the divinely prescribed manner. These practices for me are intellectual and emotional, rational and experiential.
Our example of prayer fits fine into this system.
- I know who I pray to, what to pray and how to pray because God's revelation in the Bible.
- I act in faith and obedience according to that revelation.
- I find that God hears me, a sinner, though I cannot comprehend how or why.
- I find that after 30, 60, 90 hours of daily prayers I know God and have been known by Him in a way that could never happen by Bible memorization.
I, like you hold a theologia viatorium, a theology or pilgrims. I seek in my belief and practice to honor God, to recognize the value of His revelation, to humble myself accordingly and to take advantage that God has sought to know me in relationship. My heart, mind and feet are all satisfied in practicing a paradoxical orthodoxy. I pray that you will find the same on you journey.
Labels: mysticism, orthodoxy, paradox, prayer